Improvements in machine tool



May 17, 1938 v M. s. CURTIS 2,118,021 1 IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINE TOOL Original Filed Nov. 30, 1927 9 Sheets-Sheet l 750/ Slide Con/r01 Valve 2%. .Z. 87? 1 Ja /Slide Servo-Motor a 8 6' 7 Cross Slide awn/eel l a/ue //4 I I 9/6/ar/in 9 Saul/ch Cross Slide Crass lide Servo Motor IN NTOR A TT ORNE Y May 17, 1938. I M. s. cum-1s 2,118,021 I 'IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINE TQQL' Original Filed Nov. 30, 1927 9 Sheets-Sliegt 2 ATTORNEY May 17, 1938. M. S.-CURTIS 2,113,021

IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINE TOOL Original Filed Nov. 30, 1927 9 Sheets-Sheet 3 86 A 61f 6'5 70 I 4 /Z\ H :l V 2/ {4 1/496 Pressure film a I 20 flaw/mama;

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IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINE TOOL- Origixial Filed Nov. 30, 1927 s Sheets-Sheet 4 l L r 6 00 ma May 17, 1938. M. s. CURTIS IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINE TOOL Original Filed Nov. 30, 1927 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 IJ'ENTOR QM a R WTTORNEY M. S. CURTIS .IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINE TOOL May 17, 1938.

Original Filed Nov. 30, 1927v 9 Sheets-Sheet 6 am I,

QXIIVVENTOR BY I flaw/av ATTORNEY y 17, 1933' M. s. CURTIS 2,118,021

IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINE TOOL Original Filed Nov. 30, 1927 9 Sheets-Sheet 7 .62 -6' lllnar flheat/ Fort" C. y Reverse AJ'TORNEY M. S. CURTIS IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINE TOOL 9 Sheets-Sheet 8 Original Filed Nov. 30, 1927 ATTORNEY g? INVENTQR wmw AQ May 17, 1938. A M. s. CURTIS IMPROVFJMENTS IN MACHINE TOOL Original Filed Nbv. so, 1927 9 Sheets- Sheet 9 a \\\\\5 iititiil lllk gNVENTOR 2 BY ATTORNEY Patented May 1 1, 1938 IMPRDVEMENIS IN MACHINE TOOL Myron 8. Curtis, Pawtncket, B. 1., assignor to William Wallace Potter, lawtucket, B. 1.

Application November so, me. Serial No. 236,152 Renewed August 17, 1937 49 Claims.

In a machine tool broadly of the lathe type and particularly of the automatic lathe type, either chuck or center turning, there are two primary feeding motions. These are a fine feed for performing the working-operations and a fast feed for bringing the tools-t0 and from the work. I will hereinafter speak of these two 1 ding conditions as feed and fast motion. I

It is highly desirable that the feed be or in unison with the spindle because the turning feed is alwaysmeasured in inches per spindle revolution. Therefore as the speed of the spindle changes, the feed per spindle revolution should remain constant which means that the feed per minute must change. This can be accomplished in many ways, but by far the simplest way is to drive the feed directly from the spindle.

It is desirable that'the fast idle motions of the tool carrying slides be performed in the shortest time possible and always in this shortest time. It is therefore highly desirable that the fast idle movements of the slides be driven by a constant speed driving member.

With a machine tool of the lathe type, particularly of the automatic or semi-automatic type. the following conditions are also highly desirable:

1st. That the machine tool be driven from one constant speed driving shaft.

2nd. That there be automatic and hand changes of speed between this constant speed drive shaft and the spindle.

3rd. That there be automatic and hand changes of feed between the spindle and the tool carrying members.

- The following seven conditions are therefore of supreme importance in the design of automatic or semi-automatic machinetools for turning:

1. A constant speed driving shaft;

2. A work carrying spindle driven by the constant speed driving shaft;

3. Automatic and hand changes ofspeed between the constantspeed driving shaft and the spindle;

4. A tool carrier feeding means driven by or geared to the spindle;

5. Automatic and hand changes of feed between the spindle and the tool carrier-feeding mechanism;

6. A constantispeed fast motion for the idle movements of the tool carriers, this motion being driven from the constant speed shaft;

' -'7. Automatic and hand means for controlling these various mechanisms.

The object of my invention is to provide a construction which will, in a machine tool using driven by hydraulic feeding means, satisfy the above conditions.

My invention consists in whatever is described by, or is included within, the terms or scope of the appended claims. 5

As an exempliflcation of what I now regard as a very satisfactory embodiment of my invention, I illustrate my invention as embodied in a single. vertical spindle automatic turret lathe. It is to be understood, however, that my invention may 10.

be embodied in machines of different construction and of altogether diflerent types. Such machine as illustrated in the drawings as one embodiment of my invention will be found to have the following characteristics: (1) Avertical work carrying spindle driven by a constant speed driving shaft with automatic and hand changes of speed between the driving shaft and the spindle; (2) A five sided barrel or platen rotatably and slidably located on an upright column, the axis' of which is parallel to the axis of the spindle; (3) Hydraulic means for 'raising and lowering this platen; (4) Means for indexing the platen so as'to present-successive faces to the spindle; (5) I Means for locating the platen in any of said positions; (6) A series of tool carrying slides, slidably located on said platen and normally held in their extreme upward position; ('1) Hydraulic feeding means for the slide that happensto be presented to the work carrying spindle: (8) Cross 0 slides performing facing cuts; (9) Hydraulic means for feeding these cross slides; (10) Piston type adjustable stroke pumps connected to and driven bythe spindle for performing the feeding operation; (11) Automatic means for varying the stroke of the aforementioned pumps and thereby varying the feed in relation to the spindle; (12) A constant speed pu'mp driven by the constant speed shaft for supplying fluid for the-idle or fast motions; (13) Automatic means for varying the spindle speeds; (14) A control mechanism consisting of valves with their necessary operating means; and (15) Electric control means for all the movements of the various instrumentalities. In the drawings: K

Fig.- l is a front elevation of such machine tool;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of thesame;

Fig. 3 is a vertical section approximatelyon the line l-lof Fig. 1;

Fig. 3a is a detail View in perspective of the slide engaging device;

Fig. 4 is a plan view of the frame;

Fig.5 is a horizontal section on. the line. li of Fig. l; v 66 trol valves;

Fig. 11 isthe other end elevation of the same valve;

Fig. 12 is a section on the line l2--I2 of Fig. 10;

Fig. 13 is a section on the line I3l3 of Fig. 10;

Figs. 14, 15, 16 and 17 are views, somewhat diagrammatic, illustrating the various positions of the control valve and the direction of the flow of the liquid therethrough; Y

Fig. 18 is a diagrammaticview of the wiring of the machine;

Fig. 19 is a section similar to Fig. 8 showing another embodiment of my invention in regard to the spindle and pump connections.

The description of the machine .shown in the drawings as one embodiment of my invention may be conveniently divided into and will be found under the following sub-titles:

1. .The machine members or elements.

2. Mode of operating members.

3. Control of operation of the members.

4. The cycle of operations.

It will be found that the embodiments of the invention of this application have characteristics which are the subject of the application of William Wallace Potter and Myron 8. Curtis, No. 230,119, filed October 31, 1927. By the term hydraulic" used in this specification it is to be understood that that term includes other fluids in any embodiments of my invention in which may be utilized any other fluid than a true liquid and any other liquid than oil which, for well known reasons, is best suited for certain uses, such as in the particular machine illustrated in the draw- 1ngs.

The machine members or elements The machine base 15 has mounted in it a vertical spindle ll carrying a chuck Ila in which base the spindle is journaled by roller be'arings l2 near top and bottom. A worm gear 13 is fixed to the spindle to rotate the same and is driven by I worm M on horizontal shaft l5 which, by several trains of gearing, may be driven at various speeds so that the speed of the spindle waybe varied. (See Figs. 1, 3 and 8.) These trains include hand change gears l6 and a shaft 11 parallel with shaft 'with the shaft II that meshes with the pinion 22 fixed to said drive shaft. The two gears on the shaft I 1 may be either of two speeds. The loose pinion I9 is adapted to be automatically clutched to and unclutched from the drive shaft 20, and when it is clutched thereto the shaft I1 is driven therefrom, and when it is unclutched therefrom, the shaft "is driven by pinion 22 through roller ratchet 2la.' In itself, these gear connections are of well known construction and action. The clutch for the pinion I9 is a friction clutch 23 of usual construction operated by a slidable thimble 24 on the drive shaft which is engaged by clutch yoke 25 fixed to a rod 25, which at one end is connected to a piston 21 in a hydraulic cylinder 28 (see Fig. 9). Fluid pressure is introduced into the cylinder 28 on opposite sides of the piston 21 whereby the latter mayclutch and declutch the clutch 23 for efiecting theabove stated operation.

Shaft 20 may be clutched to constant speed drive pulley 29 by friction clutch 30, thus drivin the spindle, or may be clutched to housing 31 by friction clutch 32, thusbi'aking thespindle. These clutches 33 and 32 are operated by a clutch thimble 33 slidable on the shaft 20 and actuated by the hand lever 33 (see Fig..1) fast on a stud shaft 34 which is mounted in the frame In. The stud shaft has a lever 35 fast-thereon, connecting one end of a slide rod 36 to which is'secured a yoke 31 engaging the thimble 33. Movement of the handle in one direction will positively operate the clutch 30. and in the opposite direction it will declutch clutch 30 and positively. operate clutch 32, the neutral position of the handle permitting both clutches 39 and 32 to remain ineffective.

Bolted to machine base III is a tubular column 39 (see Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 5) with its axis parallel to spindle l l, and which has slidable and rotatable on it a multi-faced platen or turret 40, theperiphcry of which in cross sectionis pentagonal, as shown, and four of its five faces each having guideways a: for one of four tool slides 55. This turret when in its downward position is held rigidly against a seat 4| (see Fig. 3) by means of a piston in hydraulic cylinder 42 operating on the turret 40 through rod 43, spider 44, bolts 45, thrust bearing 45 and end plate 41. The turret is rotatable for indexing through five steps and at each step is held from rotation by lock bolt 43' that the lock bolt 43 is lifted clear of block 49, and

the indexing is then done by motor 59 (see Figs. 3, 5, 6. and 18) through worm 5|, worm gear 52, shaft 53, intermittent pinion 54, and intermittent gear 55 on the lower end of the turret (see Figs. 3 and 6). Slidable in the guideways a: of the turret 49 are slides 55, there being one slide for each face except face 51 which may be left blank for loading and unloading (see Fig. 5), that is putting a work-piece in and removing it from the chuck. Each of the tool slides 55 has secured to its upper ends means for maintaining it in raised suspended position until it has been brought in position for cooperation with the spindle of the workpiece on the spindle. For purposes of the present disclosure this means consists in what may be termed a jaw 58 provided with an outwardly extending lateral flange 58a to cooperate with and overlie an inwardly extending lateral flange 59 on the lower edge of an annular stationary housing 60 supported from the'under face of top plate 5|. Of course, the flange or lip 53 may extend into a groove 581) on the jaws 53 (see Figs. 3 and 30). Thus, the slides 55, not in working position, are

permit a tool slide 55, brought in position by the turret, to move with respect to the spindle or the work-piece supported by the chuck Ila, a portion of the flange 59 opposite the spindle is cut away and in its stead is substituted a reciprocal block 53 which normally forms a continuation of the flange 53, the block 53 being carried by a piston rod 64 extending from the cylinder 33.

Thus, as the turret 43 is rotated, carrying with it the tool slides 56, theiaw 53 of one of the tool slides is brought in position to have the flange of tool support which has a flat or plane surface, on which a tool slide, may be moved, to which slide the tools may be'secured as by providing 1 ders 13 and 14 -(see Figs. 1, 3 and 5).

Mode of Operating members Attached to pulley 23 is' pulley 15 which is-belted to and drives pulley I6 fastened to shaft 11 and, thus, by means of pinion 13, gear 13, shaft 35 and coupling 3i, drives pump 32 at a constant speed. Pump 32 has a suction pipe 33 (see Figs.

I 2, 3 and 8) and a relief valve 34 which may be set at a predetermined comparatively low pressure. Therefore, the delivery from pump 32 is at a constant pressure and a constant volume and such delivery is through pipe 35 toplaten control valve 36 on cylinder 42, tool slide control valve 81 on cylinder 33-, cross slide control valve 33 which operates cylinder 13 through pipes 35 and ill, and cross slide control valve 52 which operates cylinder 14 through pipes 33 and (see Fig. 1) all of which valves or cylinders have Figs. 2, a and a) through coupling as and, thus,

connected thereto a drain pipe 33a. Pump '32 also by means of pipe 35 (see Fig; 9) delivers fluid to valve 36 which operates piston 21 through ports 31 and 33 for controlling the spindle clutch 23 (see Fig. 8). Thus fluid ata constant pressure is being constantly supplied to these various valves and is utilized for operating'the platen,'tool slide, cross slide, clutches, etc., on their rapid motions, and to operate the control valves.

Driven from spindle worm gear shaft I5 (see running synchronously with spindle I I, are pumps Hi and Iui. 'These are preferably of the piston displacement type to deliver comparatively high pressure and therefore their discharge varies exactly with their speed of rotation. The stroke of the pistons may also be varied by movements of levers I02 and I33. This also varies the discharge of the pump. Pump I50 has a suction I34, and through pipe I65, delivers fluid to valve 61 on cylinder 33 (see Fig. 3) and, thus, furnishes fluid for feeding the tool slides 55. The stroke of this pump may be varied by movement of tool slide 56 through dog I36 (seeFigJ 2) operating on lever I32 on the pump, through lever I31, rod I36, lever I33, cross shaft I I3, .lever II I and rod II2 connected with lever III2 on pump I 33. Pump I I- hasa suction pipe I I3 and by delivery pipe II4 delivers fluid to cross slide control'valv es 33 and 92 (see Figs. 1, 3 and 8). The stroke of the pump IIII may be varied by either cross slide 53 or cross slide 13 by means of cams H5 and "6 (see Fig. 5) whichgare fastened to these slides and which operate lever I33 on the pump by means of cam rolls III and H3, push rods H3 and I26, levers I2I andJ22, cross rod I23, lever I24, vertical shaft I25, linl; I26 and rod I21 (see Figs. 2 and 5). Thus, the rate at which fluid is supplied to cylinder 33 which operates slide 55, and to cylinders 13 and 14 whichoperate cross slides 63 and 13, will vary exactly'with the speed of the spindle and may be varied automatically by the slides themselves. I

Control of operation of the members The flow of oil to the cylinder 36 is controlled by valve "which consists of a body having two chambers I28'in which'are located bushings I23 and I33, respectively, in which bushings are disposed slide valves I3I and I32, respectively. Each of these valves has two positions, which-positions are controlled by pilot valves I33 and I34, respeetively.

Valves I33 and I 34 are normally held'in positions shown in Fig. 14 by springs I35 and I36, respectively. The low pressure from pipe 35 enters through port I31 and a portion of it passes through passage I36 to pilot valves I33 and I34. Passing through valve I33, in the direction shown by the arrows, it passes through passage I33. to the end of valve 'I3I which it" pushes into the position shown, the exhaust on the other end of valve I3I passing out through port I43 to drain I. The low pressure entering valve I34 passes in a direction shown by arrows through port I42 to the end of valve I32 pushing it into the position shown, the exhaust from theother end of valve I32 flowing through passage I43 out through drain I44. The low pressure entering port I31 passes in direction shown by arrows through passages I45, I46 and I41 to the drain I43, the high pressure-from pipe I 35 of pump IIlII entering through port I49 passing through passages I45, I46 and I41 to the drain I48, the cylinder ahead port I5II is closed and the cylinder reverse port I BI is also closed, it being understood that ports I 55 and I5I are connected tothe cylinder 36 on opposite sides of its piston. In this position no oil is flowing to the'cylinder 33 and it is therefore held in a stop position, .It will also be seen that as the pilot valves I33 and I34 are normally held closed by springs I35 and I36 that should anything disturb the flow of current for operatingthese valves the valves moved to a stop position.

When fast ahead platen slide switch I52 (see are immediately .Figs. 3 and 18) is depressed by dog I53 by the downward movement of the platen or turret 45 to its seat 4i, the circuit is first closed by disc- I54 allowing current to flow from the line through the pilot 'valve solenoid I55 which pulls valve I33 into the position shown in Fig. and allows contact disc I56 to close aholding circuit (see F 18). Further continued depr'essionof switch I52 causes disc I51 to break the holding circuit. Thereforeno current can flow to solenoid I53 and pilot valve I34 will be held by spring I36 in the position shown in Fig; 15. As dog I53 moves away from switch I52 the first operation is for disc I51 to close the holding circuit; the next is to allow disc I54 to break the liftingclrcuit, the holdingcircuit now flowing through solenoid I55 holding valve I33 in position shown in Fig. 15. The low pressure now enters valve I33 through port I and'passage I43, pushing valve ill to position shown, the exhaust 'passing out through passage I33 to drain I. Valve I32'remains in its original position. In this position the high pressure from pipe I65 fiowsthrough ports I46 and I59 to the cylinder ahead port I56 and the low pressure also flows from pipe 85 through ports I31 and I59 to the ahead" port I56 'in cylinder 88. The cylinder "reverse port I5I is open through passages I66, I.6I, I62 to the drain I 48, and the piston in cylinder 88 is moved ahead rapidly for feeding the tool slide 56 toward the work in idle movement.

As the tool slide 56 moves toward the work,

dog I63 carried thereby, engages switch pin I64 on the platen or turret 46 and closes switch I65.

This allows current toilow through both pilot valve solenoids I55 and I58, pulling valve I64 into position shown in Fig. 16, closing the holding circuit for these-solenoids and the low pressure entering port I38 passes through passage I46 and pushes valve I32 into the position shown in Fig.

' 16, the exhaust from the other end of the valve passing out through passage I42 to drain I44.

As current is already flowing through solenoid I55 no change in position of valve I66 takes place. In this position high pressure enters port I46 and passes through passage I56a .to the ahead port I56 of cylinder 88. The low pres sure flows from passage I31 passes'through port I66 to the reverse port I5I of cylinder 86. In this position the high pressure is on the ahead side-of the cylinder and the low pressure backing -up on the're'verse side of the cylinder thus resulting in a slow feed ahead movement of the tool slide for work' performing operations;

When the slide 56 has finished its work a dog I63 operates on push pin I66 depressing switch I61. The first part of the movement allows disc I68 to close the circuit to solenoid I58, but as currentis already flowing through this solenoid through the holding circuit no movement takes place. Further depression of switch I61, however, causes disc I66 to break the holding circuit, thus allowing spring I35 to push valve-I66'into the position shown in Fig. 1'1, the circuit through ,disc I68 holding the pilot valve solenoid I58 in its a proper position to eflect the fast reverse movementof the tool slide from the work. .As dog I63 leaves pin 166, and switch I61 rises, plate I66 first closes the holding circuit thus keeping current flowing through solenoid I58 before disc I68 breaks the lifting circuit of the pilot solenoid J58. The pilot valves are now in the position shown in Fig. 1'7 and the low pressure entering port I38 of pilot'valve I63 flows through port I48.

passage I39, pushing valve I3I into the podtion shown and allowing the-exhaust to pass out through passage. I46 to drain I. Valve I62 -remains in its previous position. In this position the high pressure flows from port I46- through passages I45, I46 and I" into ,draln The cylinder aheadport I56 is also open to the drain pipe 86a through passages I584: I45, I46 and I41 into drain port I48. The low a pressure enters port I31 and passes through passage I66 to the reverse port I5I of cylinder 68..

' As the cylinder ahead port I56 is open to the drain and the low pressure is flowing into the cylinder reverse side, the slide is rapidly returned. The switch I61 may be and preferably 'is operated by a time delay switch as described in patent application No. 230,119, flied October 31,1927.

The pilot'controlvalve mechanism 81 (containing pilot valves I33 and I34) may be manually operated by hand switch I16 in switch box 2I8 (Figs. 1, 2 and 18) which corresponds to automatic fast ahead switch I52, hand switch III pull solenoid I65.

which corresponds to automatic reed ahead switch I65, and hand switch I12 which corresponds to automatic fast reverse switch I61. It will be noticed that all the current for operating the automatic switches flows through the holding circuit I16 of the manual switch therefore, breakingthiscircuitwillcutoflallcurrentfrom the solenoids, allowing springs I35 and 166 to throw the control valve into the stop position. Thiscircuitmaybebrokenbymeansofstop switch I14.

Crow slide control valve 66 and 62 which are in every way similar-in design and tively, are operated in the same way as hereinbefore described, except that (1) port I46 is con- -nected to pipel port III connected with pipes 66 -or 66, and'port I5I connected with P196 6| or 64 (see Fig. 11); and (2) the cross slide fast ahead switches I15 and I16 of cross slides 66and 16, respectively, are operated by the tool slide 56, while the feed ahead switches I11 and I16, the fast reverse switches I16 and I68 and the stop switches I6I and'l82 are operated by dogs I66 and I64 on the cross slides 66 and. 18, respectively (Fig. 18). The cross slide operating valves arealsomanually controlledinthesamewayas action to control valve in 81, and.

" which operate the cross slides 661mm 18, respec- 15 the platen slide operating valve 81 by switches in boxes 2I6 and 226 (see Figs. 1, 2, and 18).-

Valve mechanism 66 (see me and 16) which controls the piston 21, operating the speed clutch thimble 24 (Fig. 8) is operated by a push and the other of this solenoid by switch I66 or I61 which are closed by dogs I66 on the tool slides 56 through'push pins I66 and I66.

Valve mechanism 66, which controls cylinder 42 for raising and lowering the platen or turret 46 (see Figs. 3 and 18) is normally held by spring- I66 in such apodtlon that liquid flows to thetop of the piston in cylinder 42, thus holdIng the platen down on the seat 4,I. On starting operation the machine manual switch "I (see Figs. land 18) is closed allowing-current to now from the line through switch I62, switch I68 and switch l64 to solenoid I65, operating valve 86 against the bias of the spring I66 so that fluid is admitted to the under side of the piston in cylinder 42, thus raising the platen or turret 46. As

the platen reaches the top of its stroke dog I66 currentislcdtoonesideor (see1"igs.3and18)ontheplatenorturrentll moves switch I61 to bridged suitable contacts andastheslide 56isatitsextremetopposiflon. switch l68isalsoclosedbflnger I66onpiston rod 64. Current then flows iromthe line through switch I68, switch I61 to bridged contacts of switch 266 tomotor 56 which revolves inder pinion 54 (see Figs-1, 3, 6 and 18) and indexing the platen or turret 46. When pinion 54, attached to shaft 56 has completed one revolution (see Figs. 5, 6and 18),whichc6rrespondsto indexing timethe switchplungerisde thecircuit Q willbechanged.

The position of the various switches shown in Figs. 3-and 18 and operated by dogs on the platen 88, the platen slide 88,cross slides 88 and I8 is not to be considered as indicative of the sequence of operation thereof, as their position may be such as to produce any sequence of operation desired.

The cycle of operations. (See Fig. 18)

the machine, therefore, cannot function. The

switches will now all be in the position shown in Fig. 18. A piece of work is inserted in the chuck and switch I8I is operated manually which throws the switch lever 284 so as to close contacts 288. Current now flows from the line through switch I8I, switch- I82, switch I88 and switch I88 to solenoid I88, operating valve 88 so that the platen starts upwards. when it reaches the top of its stroke, dog I88 throws switch I81 allowing current to flow through switch 288 to motor, 88, thus indexing the platen. At the end of one revolutionof shaft 88 corresponding to an index of one platen station, dog 28l throws switch 288 into the opposite circuit than that shown breaking the motor circuit and stopping the index. Dog 282 throws switch I88 into the opposite position I breaking the circuit through solenoid I88 allowing spring I88 to operate valve 88 platen is pulled downwards. when. platen 88 reaches the bottom of its stroke dog I88, ofwhich there is one for each platen station, closes switch I82, thus operating valve 81 of the platen slide into the fast ahead position,.shown in Fig. 15, and slide 88 moves rapidly toward the spindle. At any position in the movement of slide 88, dogs I88 may be set to operate switch I18 or "8, thus starting the cross slide cycle of operations. The cross slide cycle of operations iscompleted by dogs I88 and I88 on cross slides 88 and I8 operating on their respective switches. The spindle speeds may also be changed at any position in the movement of slide 88 by means 'of. dog I88 operating switch I88 or I81. When slide 88 reaches the end of its downward stroke, dog I88 operates switch I8I- throwing control valve 81 into the fast return position and slide 88 rapidly returns to its topmost position. As dog 288 passes over plunger-281, it operates switch I88 which in turn closes the circuit through solenoid I88 and starts the platen or turret 48 upwards.

-When slide 88 reaches its. topmost position it closes switch I88, and upon the arrival of platen 48 at its topmost position dog I88 operates switch I81 closing the index circuit, and the cycle is repeated. As the platen indexes the slide 88-, which has been in operatiommoves with it and passes out of engagement with block 88 on piston rod 88 and engages with flange 88 on annular housing 88 which holds it 'at the top off its stroke while in inoperative position. Meanwhile, an-

other slide has indexed so as to mesh with block 88 on piston 88. These operations continue automatically until the platen has indexed one complete revolution when dog 288, which is on one face only of the platen, operates to throw so that the switch m, thus breaking the lifting circuit until manual switch II is operated.

Pump connections of Fig. 19

The pumps I88 and III. shown in Fig. 8, have the following characteristics. By movement of the levers I82 and I88, in the manner above set forth, the stroke of the pumps can be changed from zero to full stroke in one direction or from zero to full stroke in .the otherdirection, thereby reversing the flow. By omitting the low pressure pump 82, with its attendant piping and the pumps I88 and I M driven from the spindle it is possible, by manipulation of the levers I82 and I88, to obtain any condition of flow and, therefore, of feed up to the capacity of the pumps similar to pumps I88 and III. This feed will be synchronous with the spindle revolutions. By disconnecting these pumps from the spindle and driving them from the pulley 28 at a constant speed bymanipulation of the levers I82 and I88 I I can get maximum conditions of flow at a conat a higher speed than shaft I88 the ratchet coupling will allow shaft 288 to overrun shaft I88. Running idle on shaft 288 is a pulley 2I8 driven by belts 2 from the constant speed driving pulley 18. Through friction clutch 2I2, shaft 288 may, by means of thimbie 2I8, be clutched to or unclutched from pulley 2I8. Keyed to-shaft 288 is sprocket 2I8 which, by means of chain 2I8,

drives the sprocket 2I8 keyed to pump shaft 2",

thus driving pumps 2I8 and 2I8, corresponding with pumps I88 and MI, Fig. 8. Pump 2I8 is connected with the platen slidefeeding cylinder 88, and pump 2I8 is connected with the cross slide feeding cylinders I8 and I4.

Levers 228 and HI, and thimble 2I8 are oper-. ated by the various slides. The action will be as follows: Shaft 288 will be clutched to pulley 2I8, therefore over-running spindle drive shaft I88 and driving pumps 2I8 and 2I8 at a constant speed. Levers 228 and HI will be so manipulated as to give a maximum forward discharge of the pumps, and the slides will approach the work at a constant fast speed. When they reach the work, shaft 288 is unclutched frompulley 2I8, roller ratchet coupling 288 will pick up the load and shaft 288 will be driven from shaft I58,

synchronously with the spindle. At the same time levers 228 and 22I will beshifted so that the pumps discharge the proper amount for tool feeding operations.

give the maximum pump capacity in a reverse At the end of the feeding 4 stroke levers 228 and'22I will be thrown so as to" direction andat the same time shaft 288 will be a objectionable. The necessary power to shift the .75

4 4 first-mentioned valve to actuate the same thereby,

control valve is thus obtained from the hydraulic system.

1. A machine tool comprising a work spindle,

means to vary the speed of such spindle from time to time during the performance of work, a' to and fro moving tool holder, a constant speed prime mover, an operative connection between said prime mover and said tool holder oomprising hydraulic mechanism that includes a pump, and an operative connection between spindle and tool holder comprising hydraulic mechanism that includes a pump under the control oi the spindle during variation of..spindle speed.

2. The combination of a member mounted for movement to and fro, hydraulic means to cause such movement comprising a'hydraulically operated valve to control the fluid flow to impart diiIerent rates of movement to said member, and a supplemental control valve ior said flrst mentioned valve and requiring substantially less power to move it, and electrical means for operating said supplemental valve, ports being present between the two valves whereby fluid supply to the first-mentioned valveis controlled.

3. A mechanism as in claim 2 having the electrical means for actuating said supplemental.

valve controlled by the member mounted for to and fro movement.

4. In a machine tool, the combination of work and tool holders and means for imparting relative movement to said holders for performance of work comprising a hydraulic cylinder, an operative connection between the cylinder and the holder to be moved, means'to'supply pressure to the cylinder relatively high and low' as such holder movement proceeds in the same direction, another hydraulic cylinder, an operative connection between such other cylinder and a different holder to be moved, and means to supply pressure to said other cylinder at high and constant speed.

5. Hydraulic means for operating machine tools comprising a hydraulic cylinder, means to supply fluid to the cylinder, a control valve for such fluid supply, a supplemental valve that controls fluid supply to said first-mentioned valve to actuate the same thereby, and separate means to operate said supplemental valve.

6. Hydraulic means for operating machine tools comprising a hydraulic cylinder, a part moved by the cylinder, means to supply fluid to the cylinder, a control valve for such fluid supply, a supplementalvalve that controls fluid supply to said separate means to operate said supplemental valve that comprises an electromagnet, and an automatically controlled circuit for such magnet, said circuit being controlled by said cylindermovedpart.

"I. ma machine tool the combination of movable work and' tooi'holders, means for moving.

them relative to one another for feeding as the tool action proceeds including hydraulic mechanism comprising pump means, means-operatively connecting the pump means with one oi'said holders, said holder having a variable rate of movement, said variable rate'of movement helm accompanied with'changes in the fluid discharge cult acts alone during reverse rapid motion.

of said pump means, other pump means connected with the other holder and means operating said last-mentioned pump means independently.

8. Amachinetool asinclaim 'l inwhich oneoi saidpumpmeansactsataconstantspeed. 5 9. In a turning lathe and like machine tool,

the combination of a work spindle, means for automatically changing the speed oi! rotation of the work during rotation of the work, a hydraulic cylinder which actuates said means, a tool slide, 1. means actuated by the tool slide to control the action of the hydraulic cylinder, electrical means operated by the tool slide for control of the machine tool, and a driving connection between spindle and tool slide which ensures upon speedchange of the spindle, preservation of a constant ratio between tool feed speeds and Spindle speeds.

10. In a fluid-operated system for a mechanism having a member capable of movement at diiierent speeds, the combination of such a member, a fluid moved motor operatively connected with such member, a low pressure fluid circuit, a high pressure fluid circuit, said circuits be connected with said motor for imparting respectively relatively taster and slower movements to said member, each of said circuits being adapted to function independently of the other, and means for selectively determining the functioning of said circuit.

11. Asystemasinclaim loinwhlchthememher to be moved has a to and fro movement and in which the different speeds are imparted during movement in the same direction.

12. A system as in claim 10 in which the member to be moved has a to and fro movement and in which the diiierent speeds are imparted during movement in the same direction and in which both circuits act upon the motor duringrapid motion in one direction and the low pressure cir- 13. Asystem asin claim 10in which themembertobemovedhas atoandfromovementand in which during the slower movement in one dimotion the high and low pressure fluid circuits act in opposition.

14. In a machine having a rotary work support, the combination of the rotary work support, a variable displacement piston pump directly driven from said rotary work support, driving means and means for connecting and disconnecting the rotaryworksupport andsaiddrivingmeans, said pmnp operating automatically when rotation is impartedtotherotaryworksupmrtwhencon nected with the driving means.

15. Inc combination of a spindle, a fluid-operated motor, fluid propelling mechanism adapted toimpartspeedtosaidmotorwhichisconstantiy proportional to the spindle speed, said propelling mechanisn and said motor being inchidedwithinaclosedflmdcimuihsaidpropelling 6i mechanism being operable automatically in responsetothemtationofthespindle.

saidactuator, means for delivering fluid at low 7i actuatorwhichl op'erableindependently' of said first mentioned pump, and

means controlledby the low presSu fluid for 11. lnanantomaticlath'eottheclassdescribed. 1

rumor":

livering fluid at low pressure to said actuator, and

a second fluid-operated actuator for controlling the clutch mechanism, said actuator being operatively, connected with said gear pump indetioned'valve and requiring substantially less power to'move it and electrical means for operating said supplemental valve, ports being present between the two valves whereby fluid supply to the first-mentioned valve is controlled.

19. In a machine tool having a work rotatable spindle and a to and fro moving toolv carrier,

means for moving the carrier to and fro relative.

to the'spindle synchronously with the spindle speed, and electrically actuated automatic means for controlling the action of the spindle and of the'carrier moving means including electrically actuated interlocking elements that prevent concurrent action of different members of the machine. v a

20. In a machine tool having a work rotatable spindle-and a" to and fro moving tool carrier, means for moving the carrier to and fro relative .to the spindle, and electrically actuatedautomatie means for controlling the action of the spindle and of the carrier moving means'includingelectrlcally actuated interlocking elements that prevent concurrent action of different members of the machine.

21. In a machine tool having a work rotatable spindle and a to and fro moving tool carrier, means for moving the carrier to and fro relative to the spindle, and electricallyactuated automatic means for controlling said action, the carrier moving means including electrically actuated interlocking elements that prevent concurrent action of difl'erent members ofthe'machine.

22. In a machine tool, the combination of a work-holding-device and a tool-holding device,

a mechanism for rotating the work-holding-de-' vlcedncluding means to varythe speed of said rotation during rotation of the work, a mechanism for actuating the tool-holding-device to and from the work-holding device to cause -'the tools to operate upon the work and to be retracted therefrom, an electrical control means for controlling the functions of said machine-tool and operated synchronously with said tool-holdingdevice at predetermined timesin the movement .of said device, and an operative connection betools to operate upon the work and to be retracted therefrom, at least another tool holding device movable to and from the work pieceon the work holding device, and means for operating the same,

an electrical control-means for controlling said functions ofsaid tool holding devices, said electrical control means including operable switch means and dogs therefor operated synchronously with the movement of said first tool holding device at predetermined times in. the movement of the latter for effecting one operation of said second tool holding device and, further, including switches actuated by dog means synchronously with said second mentioned tool holding device for effecting another operation of the latter.

24. In a machine tool, the combination .of a work carrying member and a tool carrying memher one of which is rotatable and the other slidable, means for moving said members relatively for performing work and being synchronous with the rotatable member, means for moving said members relatively for idle movements and being at a constant speed, and control means for shifting said relative movement of said members from the work performing motion to the idle motion, or conversely, said control means including electric switches and circuits therefor operated synchronously with the slidable member at predetermined times in the operation of the latter.

25. In a machine tool, the combination of a work carrying member and a, tool carrying memfor performing work and being synchronous with the rotatable member, means for moving said members'relatively for idle movements and being at a constant speed, and control means for shlfting said relative movement of said members from the work performing motion to the idle motion,

or conversely, said control means including electric switches and circuits therefor operated synchronously with the sliding member at predetermined times in the operation of thevlatter, said control means further including a time delay switch means in the circuit controlling the moveber one 'of which is rotatable and the other slidable, means for moving said members relatively for performing work and being synchronous with.

the rotatable member, means for moving said members relatively for idle movements and being at a constant speed, -and control means for shifting said relative movement of said members from the work performing motion to the idle motion, or conversely, said control means. including electric switches and circuits therefor operated synchronously with the sliding member at-predetermined times in ,the operation of the latter and also including other switches for effecting manual operation of thecontrol means. 27. In a machine tool, the combination of a work carrying member and a tool carrying member one of which is rotatable and the other slidable, means for moving said members relatively 1 v for performing work and being synchronous with the rotatable member, means .for moving said members relatively for idle movements and being at a constant speed, and control means for shifting said relative movement of said members from the work performing motion to the idle motion, or conversely, said control means including electric switches and circuits therefor operated synchronously with the sliding member at predetermined times in the operation of the latter, means for changing thespeed of rotation of the -rotatable member, and control means for said 28. In a machine tool, the combination of a' work carrying member and a tool carrying member one of which is rotatable and the other slidable, means for moving said members relatively for performing work and being synchronous with the rotatable member, means for moving said members relatively for idle movements and be at a constant speed, and control means for shift? ing said relative movement of said members from the workperforming motion to the idle motion, or conversely, said control means. including electric switches and circuits therefor operated synchronously with the sliding member at predetermined times in'the operation of the latter, said slidable member including an indexable turret, means for indexing. said turret, and control means for said indexing means including electricalswitches and circuits therefor operated synchronously with said slidable member at-a predetermined time in the movement of the latter.

with respect to the'other for presenting diflerent 29. In a machine tool, the combination of a work carrying device and'a tool carrying device one of which is slidable, one of said devices being indexable, means tor indexing the indexable device to present different tools to the work piece, and control means for s'aid indexing means including electrical switches and circuits therefor operated synchronously with said slidable device at a predetermined time in the movement of .the slidable device.

30. In a machine'tool', the combination 'of a work carrying device and a tool holding device. means for indexing one of said devices indexable tools to the work piece, mechanism for actuating one of said devices with respectto the other device to cause the tools to operate'upon the work piece, and automatic control means forsaid indexlng means including switches and dogs for' operating the latter, said dogs being positionedJfor said switches at predetermined times in the relative movement of said devices.

I 31. In a machine tool, the combination of a work carrying device and a tool holding device.

.means for indexing one of said devices indexable with respect to the other for presenting diilerent tools to the work piece, mechanism for actuating one of said devices with respect to the other device to cause the tools to operate upon the work piece, and automatic control means for said in dexing means including switches and dogs for to different stations and different work opera tions, means for locking said indexable device in indexed podtion, said indexable member being movable longitudinally of said into and out of locked position, means for rotating said indexable member to a new station when moved out of locked indexed position, and automatic means for controlling said operations of said devices including dogs and switches operated thereby at predetermined times during'said movements of said devices.

33. In a machine tool as set forth in claim 32 further :characterized by the indexable device being the tool carrying device comprising a turret and a slide.

34. In a machine tool as set forth in claim 32 further characterized by the indexable device being the tool carrying device comprising a turret and a slide, and the dogs of said control means being carried by said'turret and said slide and in cooperative relation with said switches of .said control means.

35. In a machine tool as set forth in claim 32 further characterized by the indexable device being the tool carrying device comprising a turret and a slide, means for rotating the work carrying device, means to change the speed of rotation of the work carrying device, and means for controlling said change of speed of the work carrying device which includes dogs and switches operated by the former at predetermined times in the movement of said slide.

33. In a machine tool as set forthdn claim 32' further characterized by the indexable device being-the tool carrying device comprising a turret 'and a slide, means for rotating the work carrying device, means to change the speed of rotation of the work carrying device, and means for controlling said change of speed of the work carrying device which includes dogs and switches operated .by the former at predetermined times in the movement of said slide, and an operative connection between the work carrying device and the means for imparting work performing movements to the tool carrying device which insures preservation of a constant ratio between the speed movements of said' devices upon a change of speed of rotation of the work carrying device.

3'1. In a machine tool, the .combination of a work carrying device and a tool carrying device,

means for moving said devices relative to each other for work performing operations, one of said devices comprising a rotatable turret adapted to be indexed relative to a work performing station, a plurality of-slides slidablyj mounted on the turret and adapted'to be brought respectively and at diilerent times to the work performing station, means for indexing the turret, means for engaging and moving the slide of the turret at the work performing station. and means for retaining the other of said slides in position for cooperation. with said slide moving means when said turret has been indexed to bring any of said slides to the work performing station.

38. In a device as set forth in claim 3"! fi'irther characterized by the slide retaining means comprising interengag'ing parts between the slide and holding device including an electrically operated control means for changing the direction of to and fro movement of said slidable turret, said .control device including operable switch means and actuating dogs therefor operated synchronously with the to andfro movement of said slidable turret for actuating said switch at diflerent positions of said 'slidable turret, and means for preventing indexing of said turret during the to and fro-movement of said slidable turret,

means including electrical switches and circuits therefor for actuating said indexing means and preventing .operation of said indexing means during to and fro movement of said slidable turret. i

, 40. Ina machine tool,"the combination of an indexable turret; a member containing a seat for said turret, positive means for locking the turret to the member when in an indexed position, means i'orunloclrlng said turret including means for lifting it from its seat todlsengage itfromsaid positivelocking means and returning the turret to its seat for engagement with said locking means after indexing, and means for indexing the turret while in its raised position comprising an intermittent motion for' moving the turret step by step "from station to station.

41. In a machine tool. a plurality of successively acting members including tool carrying members, mechanism for moving said members respectively, relative to each other which ineludes means for changing the speed of certain of said members and for changing the direction of movement of certain of said members, and

control mechanism for said members comprising electrical means having electrical circuits with switches therein actuated in selective succession with the movement of certain of said members, and means operated synchronously with the movement of certain of said members for actu-- ating said switches, said switches being arranged vices with respect to the otherdevice to cause-the tools to operate upon the work piece, automatic control means for said indexing means including switches and dogs for operating the latter,

automatic control means for said mechanism including switches and. dogs for operating the latter, said latter control means including means preventing operation of said mechanism except when the indexable device is in an indexed posi i 43. In, a machine-tool, the combination of a frame, a spindle rotatable within said frame, driving means for imparting rotation to said spindle at constant speed, a fluid-operated actuator, a variable displacementpump driven from said spindle for delivering fluid at high pressure to said actuator, and. a constantly driven pump connected directly with said spindle driving means-for delivering fluid at constant low pressure to said actuator.--

44. In a machine-tool, the combination of a frame, a carriage for moving a tool transversely of said spindle, a fluid V operated actuator 'for moving said carriage, a variable displacement pump driven from said spindle for imparting feeding movement'tosaid actuator, a second'carriage for moving a tool axially of said spindle, a

second fluid operated actuator for shifting said a second carriage, a second variable displacement pump driven from said spindle for moving said second actuator, and means controlled by the predetermined positions of said carriages in their movements for rendering said variable displacement pumps eifective or ineffective 'for operat--.

ing'their respective actuators; V '45. In a hydraulic actuator system for moving machine parts and the like, a hydraulic actuator including a piston shiftable within a cylinder, fluid propelling means for imparting feeding movement to said actuator, a second fluid propelling means for imparting rapid traverse tosaid actuator, both of said propelling means beoperatively connect said second mentioned propelling means for rapid traverse purposes with said actuator, and a third shifted position of said valve serving to direct fluid in a reverse direction for rapid traverse purposes to said actuator.

46. In a hydraulic actuator system for moving machine parts and the like, a hydraulic actuator including a piston shiftable within a cylinder,

,fluid' propelling means for imparting feeding movement to said actuator, a second fluid pro-,

pelling means for imparting rapid traverse to said actuator, both of said propelling means being connected with said cylinder. a shiftable control valve in said connection and adapted tooccupv one of several positions, namely, a stop position,

a fast-ahead position, a slow feed-ahead posi-.

tion and a reverse position, said valve being adapted when in the stop position to effect the circulation of fluid from said second propelling means independently of the fluid discharged by the first mentioned propellingmeans, when in the fast-ahead position serving to operatively connect said second mentioned propelling means for rapid traverse purposes with said actuator, when in the slow feed-ahead position serving to render said first mentioned propelling means effective for feeding movement of the actuator and rendering said secondpropelling means ineffective for forward movement of the actuator, and when in reverse position serving to direct fluid from the second propelling means to the actuator for reversing the direction ofmovement thereof for rapid traverse purposes to said actuator.

'47. In a hydraulic actuator system for moving machine parts'and the like, a hydraulic actuator including a piston shifting within a cylinder, a relatively high pressure pumping means for imparting feeding movement to said piston, a relatively low pressure high displacement pumping m'eans for imparting rapid traverse to saidpiston, a shiftable control valve, said valve having a pair of ports hydraulically connected with opposite sides of said actuator piston and a port connectable with the discharge side of the low 15 frame, a spindle rotatably mounted within said pressure pumping mechanism, said valve being withrespecttosaidactuatorandina 1o Y I adapted inoneshiitedpoaition was theports connected with the actuator and thereby operatively disconnect the low pressure pumping means shifted position serving to open said ports so as tooperatively connect said low pressurepumpingmeans for rapid traverse purposes tosaid Y actuator. and means for automatically eiiecting thesudden shiitingotsaid control valve'in time Lelation with the movement or said actuator pis-' 48.;lnamachine- 'lideactthe-plstcmandsuchcircuitinchidinga control valve. electrical means for moving said valve in opposite directions to change the direction of flow through the hydraulic circuit. said electrical means including switches operated by nd the movement of said valve ior opening and closing an'operating circuit forming a part oi said electrical means, and means for rendering said electrical means eifective when said carrier, is in certain of its positions.

49'. "A machine-tool as set iorth in claim 44 further characterized by the electrical means comprising means operated by the tool carrier at i the end oi its work performing stroke for causin: operation of said control valve to exhaust the work performing feeding pressure from said cylinder and enabling pressure on the other side of the piston to move the piston in opposite direction for reversing movement 01' the tool carrier.

mmou s. con-11s. 

